Distinguishing Symptoms: A Doctor's Guide to Differentiating Between Cold, Flu, and COVID-19

By Lucia Paula , Parent Herald Sep 29, 10:30 am

Photo: (Photo : Towfiqu Barbhuiya on Unsplash)

As autumn arrives and schools reopen, communities are facing a dual challenge: an uptick in COVID-19 cases and a resurgence of cold-like symptoms. This scenario presents a multifaceted concern, necessitating clear strategies for those experiencing symptoms, seeking medical tests, adhering to wellness protocols, and implementing preventive measures in various environments, such as schools, workplaces, and homes.

Dr. Leana Wen, a renowned wellness medical expert and an emergency physician at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, provides invaluable insights into navigating the complexities of respiratory infections.

She emphasizes that respiratory infections, particularly during the winter, are not uncommon, attributing them to a myriad of over 200 viruses. The frequency of these episodes varies across age groups, with adults encountering two to four episodes annually, while children are more prone, experiencing around six episodes.

Strategizing Responses to Symptoms

The initial response upon recognizing cold-like symptoms is pivotal. It necessitates considering an individual's medical history and the vulnerability of those within their household.

Dr. Wen strongly advocates for home testing for COVID-19, particularly for individuals over 50 with underlying health conditions or those who are immunocompromised. If a positive result is confirmed, the immediate course of action should include seeking antiviral treatments such as Paxlovid, molnupiravir, or remdesivir. Furthermore, in instances of fevers and body aches, testing for influenza and subsequent administration of Tamiflu are recommended.

While RSV testing is a common practice in some medical facilities, Dr. Wen clarifies that the absence of a targeted antiviral treatment for RSV implies that a positive diagnosis does not alter the management of the illness. The majority of individuals exhibiting cold-like symptoms typically do not necessitate a comprehensive viral panel unless their immune system is compromised and the illness is severe.

Both schools and workplaces typically employ established health policies for managing illnesses. Adherence to these protocols is paramount, and Dr. Wen underscores the importance of utilizing high-quality masks in communal settings to prevent the spread of infections. The degree of precautions at home is contingent on the health status of household members, with stringent isolation measures being imperative in households where a member is particularly vulnerable.

Symptomatic Treatment and Seeking Timely Medical Assistance

For those who are ineligible for antivirals, focusing on symptomatic treatment is essential. This involves maintaining hydration, adequate rest, and utilizing over-the-counter medications to alleviate specific symptoms such as nasal congestion and coughing.

Age and health conditions of the individual are the main determinants of the need for medical intervention, with intensified or persistent symptoms serving as indicators for seeking medical help.

Evading viral infections entirely is inherently challenging, but Dr. Wen highlights several preventive strategies to mitigate the risk of infection. These encompass diligent handwashing, circumventing crowded indoor spaces, wearing protective masks, and ensuring that vaccinations, including those for COVID-19, influenza, and RSV, are up-to-date.

Navigating the intertwined landscape of cold and COVID-19 symptoms during an ongoing pandemic demands a nuanced and informed approach. Adherence to expert advice, established health protocols, and the implementation of preventive strategies are integral components of safeguarding individual and community health.

The availability of home tests and a range of vaccines underscores the importance of awareness, vigilance, and timely action in the face of evolving health challenges. Through collective efforts and informed decision-making, communities can effectively traverse this intricate health landscape, fostering a safer and healthier environment for all.