Punishing children may stop misbehavior for a moment, but growing research shows it often causes more harm than good and does not build the skills kids need for the long term.
Many studies now focus on how discipline shapes a child's brain, emotions, and relationships, not just their behavior in the moment. Researchers find that when children feel scared or humiliated, they may learn to hide mistakes instead of understanding what they did wrong.
At the same time, experts highlight that discipline is still important, but it works best when it teaches children what to do, supports their emotional needs, and protects their sense of safety and connection.
Why Punishment Often Fails
Experts now warn that harsh punishment, including spanking, yelling, and shaming, is linked to more behavior problems over time, not less, according to NPR.
Large reviews of many studies report that physical punishment is associated with higher aggression, more antisocial behavior, and worse mental health in children. The World Health Organization also states there is no evidence that corporal punishment improves child behavior or reduces negative outcomes.
Punishment focuses on making a child suffer for what they did instead of teaching what to do next time.
Children may obey out of fear in the short term, but do not learn self-control, empathy, or problem-solving skills. Harsh methods can also damage trust between parent and child, which makes kids less likely to listen or open up when problems arise.
Leading organizations now strongly discourage corporal punishment and severe verbal discipline.
The American Academy of Pediatrics advises parents to avoid spanking and shaming because these approaches increase aggression and are ineffective in teaching responsibility and self-control. Many countries and child-rights groups also call for fully banning corporal punishment and promoting healthier discipline methods instead.
What Works Better Instead
Research supports positive discipline, which combines warm relationships, clear limits, and guidance rather than fear. Positive discipline is non-violent, respectful, and focused on helping children learn from mistakes and make better choices next time, Avid Counseling said.
Programs that train parents in positive discipline report less use of physical punishment and fewer behavior problems in children.
Helpful strategies include setting clear rules, explaining reasons, and using natural or logical consequences that relate to the behavior.
Positive reinforcement, like noticing effort, praising specific good choices, or offering small rewards, encourages children to repeat helpful behaviors. Teaching skills such as calming down, talking about feelings, and problem-solving also builds real self-control.
Short, calm timeouts can still be useful when used rarely, for specific behaviors, and combined with plenty of positive attention and teaching.
Experts emphasize that discipline works best when parents stay consistent, explain expectations, and maintain a warm, secure relationship with their child. Over time, these approaches not only reduce misbehavior but also support healthier emotional and social development, as per aifs.
